Blepharitis is an inflammatory disease of the eyelids that is common and affects many people. It can affect both the skin of the eyelids and the eyelash follicles as well as the glands at the edges of the eyelids. Blepharitis is often chronic and can be very uncomfortable for those affected, but with the right care and treatment the symptoms can usually be well controlled.
The most common symptoms of blepharitis are red and swollen eyelids, itching, burning, and the feeling that something is stuck in the eye. Many patients also report excessive crust formation on the eyelids, especially in the morning after waking up. Some people may experience a sticky or greasy discharge that causes the eyelashes to stick together. In more severe cases, blepharitis can also lead to dry eye, tearing, or even visual disturbances.
The causes of blepharitis are varied. In many cases it is caused by a bacterial infection, especially by the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, which infects the skin and hair follicles on the eyelids. Another common cause is so-called Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), in which the oil glands on the eyelids do not function properly and thus cause inflammation of the lid margins. Skin diseases such as rosacea or seborrheic dermatitis, in which the skin produces excessive oil, can also lead to blepharitis.
Treatment of blepharitis often begins with careful eyelid hygiene. Regular cleaning of the eyelids with special eyelid wipes or with lukewarm water and a mild cleaning solution can help remove bacteria and debris. In addition, the use of warm compresses can open the oil glands and relieve symptoms. In some cases, eye doctors prescribe antibiotic ointments or eye drops if a bacterial infection is present. In more severe cases or with chronic blepharitis, it may be necessary to use anti-inflammatory agents or eye drops for dry eyes.
Although blepharitis is often a persistent and lengthy condition, it can be managed with the right care and treatment. Those affected should ensure that they carry out their eyelid care consistently and consult their eye doctor regularly to prevent worsening of the symptoms.
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